Pavement must be able to withstand which two major factors?

The correct answer focuses on the essential characteristics that pavement must possess to ensure durability and safety within airport operations. Specifically, pavement must withstand adverse weather and sudden load impacts, which are critical for maintaining structural integrity.

Adverse weather can include heavy rains, ice, snow, and extreme temperatures, all of which can alter the physical state of the pavement. These elements put stress on the surface, leading to potential degradation if not properly managed or designed against. Sudden load impacts refer to the immediate and significant forces exerted on pavement surfaces by aircraft landing and taking off, which can create stress concentrations that lead to cracking or deformation.

Thus, the combination of these two factors highlights the need for pavement materials and designs that not only resist weather-related damage but also absorb and distribute sudden loads effectively, ensuring the safety and functionality of airport operations. The other choices, while they touch on important aspects of pavement considerations, do not adequately encompass the critical factors related to airport pavement requirements as effectively as this answer.