What does hacking refer to in the context of cybersecurity?

Hacking in the context of cybersecurity primarily refers to the act of gaining unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or data. This could involve exploiting vulnerabilities, bypassing security measures, or manipulating systems to obtain sensitive information or to cause harm. The term is often associated with malicious activities where an individual or group unlawfully penetrates computer systems with the intent to steal data, disrupt operations, or execute other non-permitted actions.

Understanding hacking involves recognizing its implications on security, including the need for robust cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive information from these unauthorized intrusions. The other options provided present varying concepts that do not pertain directly to the act of hacking as defined in cybersecurity. For instance, legal practices related to securing networks focus on the defensive measures taken to protect against hacking, while techniques for improving system performance and methods of software development do not directly align with the unauthorized access aspect of hacking.