Which of the following is not typically considered a direct impact of the airport on the economy?

The cost of running airport operations is categorized as an indirect impact rather than a direct economic impact. While airport operations entail significant expenditures, such as maintenance, staffing, and infrastructural upkeep, these costs primarily relate to the operational efficiency and financial sustainability of the airport itself rather than a direct enhancement to the surrounding economy.

In contrast, airport employee wages are a direct impact, as they inject income directly into the local economy. Local business revenue is also directly impacted by the presence of an airport because it can drive customers and clients to businesses in the vicinity. Similarly, increased tourism facilitated by direct flights leads to more spending in the local area, supporting a variety of businesses and services. Each of these elements contributes to a measurable economic stimulus directly linked to the airport's activities.